Evaluation Procedures for Stroke

How is stroke diagnosed?

In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for stroke may include the following.

Imaging tests of the brain:

• computed tomography scan (Also called a CT or CAT scan.) - a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices), both horizontally and vertically, of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than general x-rays; used to detect abnormalities and help identify the location or type of stroke.
  
  
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - a diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body; an MRI uses magnetic fields to detect small changes in brain tissue that helps to locate and diagnose stroke.
  
  

Imaging tests of the arteries to the brain:

• Carotid and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography - a special transducer is used to direct sound waves into a blood vessel to evaluate blood flow. An audio receiver amplifies the sound of the blood moving though the vessel. Faintness or absence of sound may indicate a problem with blood flow.
  
  
• digital subtraction angiography (DSA) - provides an image of the blood vessels in the brain detect a problem with blood flow. The test involves inserting a small, thin tube (catheter) into an artery in the leg and passing it up to the blood vessels in the brain. A contrast dye is injected through the catheter and x-ray images are taken.
  
  
• CT angiography
  
  
• MRA